Monday, September 28, 2015

2015 NCAA FBS Top 25 Ranking for Week 4

Using the Complex Invasion College Football Production Model for this season using the data from www.cfbstats.com, Ole Miss (University of Mississippi) Rebels are still the #1 team in all of the FBS, followed by Georgia.  So the SEC has the top 2 teams from this model, while the Big 10 has the top 2 teams in the Associated Press Poll.  Ohio State is ranked #9 in this model and Michigan State is not in the top 25.  The Spartans are currently #33.  Below is the top 25 as of last weekend.


Rank Team
1 Mississippi
2 Georgia
3 West Virginia
4 Baylor
5 USC
6 Oklahoma State
7 North Carolina State
8 Boston College
9 Ohio State
10 Memphis
11 California
12 Wisconsin
13 Notre Dame
14 TCU
15 Iowa
16 Georgia Tech
17 UCLA
18 Middle Tennessee
19 Colorado
20 Duke
21 Boise State
22 Miami (Florida)
23 Florida
24 Arizona
25 Texas Tech


Previous 2015 Top 25 Rankings
2015 Top 25 for Week #3
2015 Top 25 for Week #2

Monday, September 21, 2015

2015 NCAA FBS Top 25 Ranking for Week 3

What a great weekend of college football!  We have a new #1 team in the nation this week as calculated using the Complex Invasion College Football Production Model for this season using the data from www.cfbstats.com, and that is the Ole Miss (University of Mississippi) Rebels!  Below is the top 25 as of last weekend.

Rank Team
1 Mississippi
2 Georgia Tech
3 Oklahoma State
4 Arizona
5 Georgia
6 Middle Tennessee
7 USC
8 Memphis
9 TCU
10 California
11 Boston College
12 Clemson
13 Miami (Florida)
14 Florida
15 Florida State
16 Ohio
17 Texas Tech
18 West Virginia
19 Cincinnati
20 Illinois
21 Duke
22 Air Force
23 Washington
24 Ohio State
25 Notre Dame

Previous 2015 Top 25 Rankings
2015 Top 25 for Week #2

Thursday, September 17, 2015

Competitive Balance in the WNBA

With the start of the WNBA playoffs, I thought that I would turn my attention to competitive balance in the WNBA.  I am going to use a simple measure of competitive balance, the Noll-Scully metric which measures the leagues actual standard deviation of winning percentage as compared to a league in which wins and losses are randomly determined.  For those wishing to calculate this on their own, here is a step-by-step guide.

I am using the WNBA regular season standings data from ESPN covering the 2003 to 2015 seasons.  Below is a chart of the Noll-Scully during this time period.


As you will notice, the WNBA has experienced periods of high and low levels of competitiveness.  Overall the average Noll-Scully during this time period is 1.740, which is more competitive than the NBA and on par with men's ice hockey.

The question is why is competitive balance better in the WNBA than the NBA. 

Wednesday, September 16, 2015

Akron after Ianello

At the end of the 2011 football season, head football coach Rob Ianello was fired by the University of Akron after two consecutive 1-11 seasons and hired Terry Bowden as their new head football coach.  Given that Bowden has three seasons under his belt as head football coach, let's take a look at the University of Akron Zips football program under both Ianello and Bowden to get an idea of how the program has performed over this time period.

The model that I use to evaluate NCAA football teams starts with the 2008 season (as that is the season that I have all of the data that I use in the model).  Hence I will be looking at Akron since 2008 which covers the last two seasons under head football coach J. D. Brookhart, the two seasons under Rob Ianello and the first three seasons under Terry Bowden.

Below is a chart of the University of Akron Zips production ranking using the Complex Invasion College Football Production Model.  In the chart I present the team's total ranking, offense ranking, defense ranking and an FCS team ranking.  As you can see below, Akron has been one of the worst teams in football bowl subdivision for the last few years.  In fact last season (2014) was the best total performance since Brookhart left in 2009.


Below I provide some additional information from the model on the teams performance during each season.

End of the Brookhart Era (2008 & 2009)

2008
The Zips finished the regular season at 5-7 while playing against an "average" strength of schedule (SOS) as compared to the "league" as a whole.  By that I mean that the Zips SOS was within one standard deviation of the league's average SOS.  This season the Zips best win was against #69 Kent State (and all of the other four victories were against teams that the model ranks as less productive than Akron).  On the other hand, their worst loss was to #89 Temple during the last game of the season, meaning that Akron would not be eligible to play in a post-season bowl game.  To make matters worse, Akron also lost the game the week before to #78 Ohio.  Overall the Zips were the #64 most productive team in the FBS, with the #52 most productive offense and the #73 most productive defense.

2009
In what was the last season for J. D. Brookhart, Akron finished at 3-9 playing against an "average" SOS.  Again, Akron's best game was a victory over #83 ranked Kent State (other two wins were to #113 Eastern Michigan and #121 Morgan State (FCS team)).  Akron's worst loss (loss to lowest ranked opponent on their schedule) was to #93 Syracuse.  The Zips finished as the #92 ranked team in total production, with the #98 ranked offense and the #70 ranked defense.

Rob Ianello Era (2010 & 2011)

2010
In Ianello's first season Akron won only one game, finishing the regular season at 1-11.  Akron played against an "average" SOS.  The victory that season was over #99 ranked Buffalo.  Akron's worst defeat was to FCS Gardner-Webb at home.  The Zips were the #112 most productive team in all of the FBS for this season with the #119 most productive offense (or second to last team on offense) and the #90 ranked defense.

2011
In what ended up as Ianello's last season as head football coach the Zips again finished the regular season at 1-11, again playing against an "average" SOS.  Akron's only victory was over FCS VMI and their worst of the eleven losses was to #93 Central Michigan.  The Zips overall production fell to #118 (or third worst for that season).  Their offense was as unproductive as the season before ranked at #119 and their defense dropped to be ranked at #113.  Overall a forgettable season.

Terry Bowden Era (2012 - present)

2012
Terry Bowden signed a five year contract to be the head football coach for Akron.  That season resulted in another 1-11 season and played against an "average" SOS.  Yes, in the last three seasons Akron had as many victories as the last single season under J. D. Brookhart.  Akron defeated FCS Morgan State for their lone victory this season.  Akron's worst defeat was to the worst team in the FBS, #124 Massachusetts.  The Zips finished as the #101 ranked team in total production, which is a jump from the prior two seasons under Ianello.  Also Akron was the #87 ranked offense and the #101 ranked defense, showing improvement on both sides of the ball under Bowden even though it did not show in the win/loss column.

2013
In Bowden's second season as head football coach the Zips finished at 5-7 and just out of eligibility for a post-season bowl.  Akron has not won this many games since 2008.  Akron's played against a SOS that was "average", just as they have since 2008.  Akron's best win (victory over the highest ranked team in the production model) was over #53 Toledo.  (There other four victories were to teams at the bottom of the production rankings:  #94 Kent State; #122 Massachusetts; #124 Miami (OH) and to FCS James Madison).  Their worst loss was to #82 Ohio.  The model has the team ranked as the #98 most productive team overall, which is a slight improvement, and had the #109 ranked offense with the #70 ranked defense.

2014
Last season Akron again finished 5-7 and just out of bowl contention, yet the Zips played against an "easier" SOS than the league average, which means that the Zips SOS was between one and two standard deviations greater than the league average SOS.  Akron's best victory was over #54 Pittsburgh and their worst loss was to #92 Ohio.  Akron was the #87 most productive team in all of the football bowl subdivision which is an improvement from the previous season.  Akron also slightly improved their offense moving to the #101 ranked offense and greatly improved their defense to finish as the #46 most productive defense.  This is the first time since 2008 that either the offense or the defense was above average in the "league".

Tuesday, September 15, 2015

2014 NFL Income Inequality by Team

Last week I blogged about income inequality for the 2014 NFL season and showed that the NFL is more unequal in terms of income distribution than the US as a whole was in 2010 (closest year to this past season).  So I thought that I would follow up on this by looking at income inequality among the 32 NFL teams in 2014, again using the active roster data.  I am using the Gini coefficient (step-by-step guide to make this calculation) which is a measure of income inequality.

Below are the teams regular season winning percent, points scored and points surrendered, their payroll and relative payroll and lastly the team Gini coefficient for 2014.   San Diego was the least unequal in terms of income inequality and the Baltimore Ravens were the most unequal for 2014.

Not surprisingly, there is no statistically significant relationship between income inequality (Gini coefficient) and regular season winning percent.

Team WinPct PF PA Payroll Relative Payroll Gini
San Diego Chargers 0.563 348 348 87162147 0.8372 0.5255
Philadelphia Eagles 0.625 474 400 119105381 1.1440 0.5280
Indianapolis Colts 0.688 458 369 92940781 0.8927 0.5319
New York Jets 0.25 283 401 94454268 0.9073 0.5381
Washington Redskins 0.25 301 438 91755213 0.8813 0.5504
Cincinnati Bengals 0.656 365 344 107297822 1.0306 0.5512
Buffalo Bills 0.563 343 289 116442414 1.1185 0.5534
Detroit Lions 0.688 321 282 111226441 1.0684 0.5607
Dallas Cowboys 0.75 467 352 90952114 0.8736 0.5638
Miami Dolphins 0.5 388 373 105571107 1.0140 0.5641
Tennessee Titans 0.125 254 438 95962330 0.9217 0.5660
Jacksonville Jaguars 0.188 249 412 85737794 0.8235 0.5729
San Francisco 49ers 0.5 306 340 99854068 0.9591 0.5751
Carolina Panthers 0.469 339 374 89034415 0.8552 0.5779
Green Bay Packers 0.75 486 348 129562715 1.2445 0.5821
Chicago Bears 0.313 319 442 86877698 0.8345 0.5839
Pittsburgh Steelers 0.688 436 368 124378270 1.1947 0.5858
New England Patriots 0.75 468 313 110887895 1.0651 0.5858
Oakland Raiders 0.188 253 452 92244836 0.8860 0.5901
Houston Texans 0.563 372 307 94874026 0.9113 0.5981
Minnesota Vikings 0.438 325 343 94282411 0.9056 0.6028
Arizona Cardinals 0.688 310 299 96202750 0.9241 0.6031
St. Louis Rams 0.375 324 354 106781395 1.0257 0.6038
New York Giants 0.375 380 400 90112983 0.8656 0.6043
Kansas City Chiefs 0.563 353 281 110797441 1.0642 0.6048
Seattle Seahawks 0.75 394 254 119423389 1.1471 0.6130
New Orleans Saints 0.438 401 424 96329917 0.9253 0.6169
Denver Broncos 0.75 482 354 130851372 1.2569 0.6218
Tampa Bay Buccaneers 0.125 277 410 99527806 0.9560 0.6283
Atlanta Falcons 0.375 381 417 131809795 1.2661 0.6317
Cleveland Browns 0.438 299 337 105183505 1.0103 0.6389
Baltimore Ravens 0.625 409 302 123867781 1.1898 0.6577

Tomorrow, I hope to blog about income inequality by player position for 2014.  If not, I will get to this within the coming days.

Monday, September 14, 2015

2015 NCAA FBS Top 25 Ranking for Week 2

The second week of college football is under way and it is time to turn to ranking college football team.  To do so, I have a model of offense and defense production for all college football teams in the FBS (teams that are eligible to play in a post-season bowl).   I have been doing this weekly (except for the first week of each season since 2011 and have done this yearly since 2008).  So I have run the Complex Invasion College Football Production Model for this season using the data from cfbstats.com, and here is the rankings as of this past weekends performance.

Rank Team
1 Georgia Tech
2 Mississippi
3 USC
4 Memphis
5 California
6 Illinois
7 West Virginia
8 Boston College
9 Cincinnati
10 Alabama
11 Baylor
12 TCU
13 Miami (Florida)
14 Syracuse
15 Duke
16 Florida State
17 Texas Tech
18 Georgia
19 Florida
20 Arkansas
21 Ohio State
22 Air Force
23 Clemson
24 South Florida
25 North Carolina State

Friday, September 11, 2015

2014 NFL Income Inequality

In July I blogged about MLS income inequality and one reader asked me about the NFL.  My response, was basically - cool idea; I don't know; have not done it.  Now I have.  I am using the Gini coefficient (step-by-step guide to make this calculation) which is a measure of income inequality.  The Gini coefficient is bound between zero (complete equality) and one (complete inequality).  For comparison purposes, the Gini coefficient for the US in 2010 is 0.411 (or 41.1 for the Gini Index, which is the Gini coefficient multiplied by 100).

Specifically, what I have done is taken every active player pay (not the amount attributed to the salary cap) listed on the website for the 2014 season and measured the amount of income inequality.  I have not included players on injured reserve or players that were given a contract but then dropped from the team.  Here is the link for Arizona in 2014, follow the dropdown menu for the other teams.  Once all the players have been included in the dataset, I have a total of 1688 NFL players in 2014.  Total payroll among those players was $3.331 billion.  For all the active players, the Gini coefficient was 0.5942, which is quite a bit more unequal than the US in 2010.

UPDATE:  (09/16/2015:  US Gini coefficient for 2014 is 0.480.)

Friday, September 4, 2015

Air Force Football Program in 2014

No, I am not going to review all the teams in NCAA FBS from last season - although that might be put on my bucket list someday.  Rather I am reviewing Air Force since @USAFAFalcons is currently a Twitter follower; yeah its that easy.  So here are the Falcons for the 2014 season using the Complex Invasion College Football Production Model

The Air Force Falcons finished the 2014 regular season at 9-3 (and the winner of the Commander In Chief trophy).  Air Force's best game was a 28-14 win over #13 ranked Boise State in Colorado Springs and their worst loss was to #109 ranked Wyoming in Cheyenne.  The Falcons played against an "average" strength of schedule (SOS) as compared to the rest of the "league".  An average SOS occurs where a team in within one standard deviation from the mean SOS for the league.  Given the mean SOS was 67.57 and the standard deviation was 10.74 and Air Force played against a SOS = 77.00 for the entire season, they were just within (on the easier side) the average range for SOS.   Their regular season performance allowed Air Force to be bowl eligible and play in the Famous Idaho Potato Bowl on December 20th of last year where Air Force defeated #36 ranked Western Michigan 38-24 to finish overall at 10-3.  This resulted in Air Force to finish as the #60 most productive team in all of the FBS.  On the offensive side, the Falcons were the #58 ranked team and on the defensive side they were the #57 ranked team.

Thursday, September 3, 2015

NCAA Football and Income Inequality

Recently, I have been researching NCAA bowl eligible football revenues, so given that  tonight is the start of the college football season for bowl eligible teams I thought that I would look at college football income inequality.  Specifically, I am using data from the Equity in Athletics database from 2007 to 2013 college football seasons.  (The 2014 season is not currently available).

Here I am going to report the team with the smallest amount of football revenue and the amount, the team with the largest amount of football revenue and the amount and the Gini coefficient for that season.  Please note that I have not adjusted for inflation in the revenue numbers presented below.  For comparison purposes, the Gini coefficient for the US in 2010 is 0.411 (or 41.1 for the Gini Index, which is the Gini coefficient multiplied by 100).  As you can see in the table below, NCAA football is slightly more unequal in terms of revenues than the US was in 2010.

Season
Team
Min. Revenue
Team
Max. Revenue
Gini
2007
Buffalo
$1,882,475
Texas
$72,952,397
0.4564
2008
Akron
$1,577,189
Texas
$87,583,986
0.4516
2009
Florida Atlantic
$2,280,834
Texas
$93,942,815
0.4515
2010
Louisiana-Monroe
$2,953,497
Texas
$95,749,684
0.4465
2011
Louisiana-Monroe
$3,588,964
Texas
$103,813,684
0.4381
2012
Louisiana-Monroe
$3,277,727
Texas
$109,400,688
0.4418
2013
Central Mich.
$3,899,929
Texas
$112,508,162
0.4448

We also notice that the University of Texas has the highest amount of revenue during this entire time period and that CUSA, Mid American or Sun Belt conference teams have had the lowest total football revenues during this time period.